Heat has a profound influence on individuals with lung problems, worsening symptoms and jeopardising their overall health. High heat and humidity can make it harder to breathe, especially for people who have asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory disorders.
There are various ways that heat can aggravate lung disorders. The following are the main ways that heat exacerbates lung ailments:
Inflammation of the airways
High temperatures, develops inflammatory process in the airways. The inflammation causes the airways to swell, leading to narrowing of the airways making it difficult to breath. This is particularly problematic for individual who already have comprised airways such alike asthma, COPD. The inflammation can lead to increased symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. (Source: MDPI)
Air Pollution
Heatwaves are frequently associated with greater levels of ground-level ozone and particulate matter. These pollutants might irritate the respiratory system and worsen symptoms in patients with lung disorders. (ERS Journals) (American Lung Association).
Cardiac and Respiratory rate
In hot temperatures, the body’s efforts to cool itself can put additional strain on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Individuals with lung disorders may experience an increase in breathing rate and a larger need for oxygen, putting additional burden on already impaired lungs. This can cause shortness of breath and weariness. (ERS Journals Open Res).
Dehydration
Dehydration brought on by high temperatures can thicken mucus in the lungs. Because thickened mucus is more difficult to remove, there is a higher chance of infections and airway obstructions. This is especially troubling for those who have bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis, when controlling mucus is essential. (ERS Journals Open Res) (American Lung Association).
Enhanced Allergen Activity:
Airborne allergens like mold spores and pollen can become more prevalent in warm weather. These allergens have the potential to cause allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and constriction and inflammation of the airways. These effects are further exacerbated by the extended allergy season brought on by warmer temperatures (American Lung Association).
In conclusion, the link between hot weather and lung disease is well-documented, with research indicating that excessive heat might exacerbate respiratory problems. This emphasizes the necessity of combating climate change and improving air quality to protect public health.